Oliver White
Geography and Climate
Location and Boundaries
Geography plays a crucial role in shaping the climate, location, and boundaries of cities and towns in Langlade County, Wisconsin.
The county’s geographical location within the state of Wisconsin determines its climate, which is characterized by cold winters and warm summers.
Langlade County is situated in northeastern Wisconsin, near the Wisconsin-Michigan border.
It covers an area of approximately 1,165 square miles (3,020 km2), with a total boundary length of 256 miles (412 km).
The county’s topography features a mix of forests, wetlands, and agricultural lands, with several rivers, streams, and lakes scattered throughout the area.
Some notable geographical features in Langlade County include:
- Eau Claire River
- Nokomis River
- Rainbow Flowage
- Shirley Lake
The county’s climate is classified as humid continental, with four distinct seasons.
Winter temperatures can drop below -20°F (-29°C), while summer temperatures can rise above 80°F (27°C).
The average annual precipitation in Langlade County is around 28 inches (71 cm), with most of it occurring during the spring and summer months.
Overall, the geography and climate of Langlade County contribute to its unique character and influence the development of its cities and towns.
Langlade County is situated in the northcentral part of Wisconsin, bordered by Lincoln County to the north, Marathon County to the east, Langlille River to the west, and Shawano County to the south. With a total area of 1,187 square miles, it’s the 32nd largest county in the state.
The geography of Langlade County can be characterized by its diverse landscape, which features rolling hills, woodlands, and a network of rivers and streams.
The county’s topography is dominated by the Wolf River and its tributaries, which flow through the county from northwest to southeast. The river has carved out a scenic valley that provides habitat for a variety of aquatic life and supports local agriculture and recreation.
Langlade County’s soil types are varied, with glacial till and outwash deposits dominating much of the landscape. These soils support a mix of forest, grassland, and agricultural land use.
The climate in Langlade County is classified as humid continental, with warm summers and cold winters. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is around 10°F (-12°C), while the average temperature in July, the warmest month, is around 70°F (21°C).
Langlade County receives an average of around 35 inches (89 cm) of precipitation per year, with most of this falling as rain during the warmer months. Snowfall is common in the winter months, with an average annual total of around 50 inches (127 cm).
The county’s geography and climate support a diverse range of ecosystems, including deciduous forests, coniferous forests, and wetlands.
Here are some of the notable cities and towns in Langlade County:
- Antigo: Located on the Wolf River, Antigo is a city with a population of around 3,500 people. It features a historic downtown area, parks, and outdoor recreational opportunities.
- Antigo Township: An unincorporated community surrounding the city of Antigo, Antigo Township has a mix of rural residences, farmland, and forestland.
- Barnum: A small town with a population of around 500 people, Barnum is located in southeastern Langlade County. It features a village government and community facilities.
- Bruce: Another unincorporated community in Langlade County, Bruce has a mix of rural residences and farmland. It’s known for its agricultural heritage.
- Eagle Lake: A small town with a population of around 600 people, Eagle Lake is located in northwestern Langlade County. It features lakeside recreation opportunities and community facilities.
- Elmhurst: An unincorporated community surrounding the town of Elmhurst, this area has a mix of rural residences and farmland.
- Langley: A small town with a population of around 1,000 people, Langley is located in eastern Langlade County. It features lakeside recreation opportunities and community facilities.
- White Lake: An unincorporated community surrounding the town of White Lake, this area has a mix of rural residences and farmland, as well as lakeside recreation opportunities.
Languages spoken in Langlade County include English, Spanish, German, and Polish, reflecting the county’s cultural diversity.
Climate
The geography of Langlade County, located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, is characterized by its diverse landscapes and ecosystems.
The county’s terrain features a mix of rolling hills, valleys, and lakes, with the Wolf River flowing through it.
The region’s climate is classified as Continental, with large diurnal temperature ranges between summer and winter seasons.
Winters are typically cold and snowy, with average January temperatures ranging from 10°F (-12°C) to 20°F (-7°C).
Summers are warm and humid, with July average high temperatures reaching the mid-70s (23°C to 24°C).
The county’s climate is influenced by its location in the northern part of the state, where cold Arctic air masses from Canada dominate during winter months.
However, warmer air masses from the Gulf of Mexico also affect the region, leading to occasional warm and humid weather patterns during summer months.
The area experiences an average annual snowfall of around 60 inches (152 cm), with the majority falling between December and March.
The county’s geography and climate support a wide range of plant and animal species, including forests dominated by maple, oak, and pine trees, as well as wetlands and lakes that provide habitats for fish, birds, and other wildlife.
Langlade County experiences a continental climate, characterized by cold winters and warm summers. According to data from the University of WisconsinMadison, the average temperature in January (the coldest month) is around 14°F (10°C), while July’s average high temperature reaches approximately 82°F (28°C).
The geography and climate of Langlade County in Wisconsin are characterized by a continental climate, which features cold winters and warm summers.
One of the defining features of the county’s climate is its extreme temperature variations between seasons.
The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is around 14°F (-10°C), making it a winter wonderland for those who enjoy snow sports and other winter activities.
In contrast, July’s average high temperature reaches approximately 82°F (28°C), providing pleasant weather conditions for outdoor enthusiasts to engage in summer activities such as hiking, fishing, or boating.
The climate is influenced by the county’s location in the northern part of Wisconsin, near the edge of the continental divide.
Here are some key temperature ranges in Langlade County:
- January (average): 14°F (-10°C)
- July (average high): 82°F (28°C)
- Average annual precipitation: around 30-40 inches (76-102 cm)
The geography of Langlade County includes rolling hills, forests, and lakes, providing a diverse landscape for residents and visitors alike.
Historic Settlements and Growth
Early History and Settlement Patterns
The historic settlements and growth of cities and towns in Langlade County, Wisconsin, are deeply rooted in the region’s early history and settlement patterns. The county was formed on April 12, 1883, from a portion of Shawano County, with its first settlers arriving in the late 19th century.
The area that is now Langlade County has been inhabited by various Native American tribes for thousands of years prior to European exploration and settlement. The Menominee, Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), and Ojibwe tribes were among those that called the region home.
In the early 19th century, European-American settlers began to arrive in the area, attracted by the timber resources and fertile soil. Many of these early settlers were farmers, loggers, and traders who established small settlements along the rivers and streams.
One of the earliest recorded settlements was at the present-day town of Langlade, which was founded in 1875 by a group of settlers from New York State. The town was named after the Lang family, early pioneers to the area.
As the years passed, other towns and cities began to develop in Langlade County, with many being established along the railroad lines that were built during this time period. Cities such as Antigo, Eagle River, and Tomahawk quickly grew into thriving commercial centers due to their strategic locations at the intersection of major railroads.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Langlade County experienced significant growth and development, with many industries emerging in the area. The logging and lumber industry was particularly prominent, with numerous sawmills and woodworking facilities operating in the county.
The county’s economy also grew through agriculture, with many farms established to take advantage of the region’s fertile soil and favorable climate. Cattle ranching and dairy farming became significant contributors to the local economy, with several large dairy operations emerging in the area.
Today, Langlade County continues to grow and develop, with a strong focus on preserving its rich history and natural resources. Visitors can explore the county’s many historical sites and landmarks, including the Antigo Railroad Museum, the Eagle River Museum, and the Langlade County Historical Society Museum.
The county’s scenic beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities also make it an attractive destination for tourists and residents alike, with numerous lakes, forests, and parks offering a range of activities such as fishing, hunting, hiking, and boating.
The area that is now Langlade County has been inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Menominee and Ojibwe. The region’s first European settlers arrived in the mid19th century, attracted by the abundance of timber and agricultural land. According to a report from the Wisconsin Historical Society, many of these early settlers were of German and Irish descent.
The historic settlement and growth of Langlade County, located in the state of Wisconsin, has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries. The area was originally inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Menominee and Ojibwe, who thrived in the region’s abundant forests and fertile land.
The arrival of European settlers in the mid-19th century marked a significant turning point in the county’s history. Drawn by the promise of timber and agricultural opportunities, these early pioneers brought with them their unique cultural heritage and traditions. A report from the Wisconsin Historical Society notes that many of these early settlers were of German and Irish descent, reflecting the state’s strong European-American roots.
As the 19th century progressed, the county experienced rapid growth and development, driven by the expansion of agriculture, logging, and other industries. The construction of railroads, roads, and other infrastructure facilitated communication, trade, and commerce throughout the region, cementing Langlade County’s position as a thriving agricultural hub.
The early settlers also played a significant role in shaping the county’s cultural identity. German and Irish traditions were incorporated into local customs and practices, such as festivals, music, and foodways. The area’s rural character was further shaped by the growth of small towns and villages, which provided essential services and amenities to residents.
Throughout its history, Langlade County has also experienced periods of decline and revitalization. During the early 20th century, the county faced significant economic challenges as a result of fluctuations in agricultural prices, labor shortages, and out-migration of young people. However, through concerted efforts by local leaders, community organizations, and government agencies, the county was able to adapt and recover.
Today, Langlade County continues to evolve and grow, with ongoing investment in agriculture, tourism, and small businesses. The area’s rich history, diverse culture, and stunning natural beauty make it an attractive destination for residents and visitors alike, while its strong sense of community and resilience have enabled it to thrive through the centuries.
Cities and Towns: A Look at Growth and Development
The historic settlements and growth of cities and towns in Langlade County, Wisconsin are a fascinating topic that reveals the rich cultural heritage of this region.
Langlade County was established in 1883, but the area has been inhabited by various indigenous tribes for thousands of years before European settlement began. The county’s unique geography, with its rolling hills and numerous lakes, made it an attractive place for settlers to establish their homes and communities.
One of the earliest European settlements in Langlade County was the town of Antigo, which was founded in 1879 as a lumbering community. The area was heavily forested, and the sawmills that operated there provided employment opportunities for many of the settlers.
In the late 19th century, the arrival of railroads transformed the economy of Langlade County. The Wisconsin Central Railway Company built a line through the county in 1881, connecting Antigo to other parts of the state and facilitating the growth of new industries and communities.
Antigo continued to grow as a commercial center, and by the early 20th century it was one of the largest cities in Langlade County. The town experienced significant population growth during this period, with many people moving there from other parts of Europe and the United States seeking employment opportunities.
Other towns in Langlade County, such as Eagle River and Phelps, also experienced rapid growth during this period, driven by the expansion of the lumbering and mining industries. The discovery of copper deposits in the area led to the establishment of mines at Eagle River, which became one of the largest employers in the county.
As the economy of Langlade County continued to grow and diversify, new communities emerged throughout the region. Towns like Antigo, Eagle River, and Phelps became major commercial centers, with shopping districts, hotels, and other amenities catering to the needs of residents and visitors alike.
The growth and development of cities and towns in Langlade County were not without challenges, however. Many settlers faced difficult living conditions, including poverty, disease, and isolation from more urban areas.
Despite these challenges, the people of Langlade County persevered, building strong communities that continue to thrive today. The county’s historic settlements and growth serve as a testament to the resilience and determination of its early residents, who worked tirelessly to establish homes, businesses, and institutions in this beautiful and unique region.
Today, Langlade County is a thriving community with a rich cultural heritage and a strong sense of history. Visitors from around the world come to experience the natural beauty of the area, including its forests, lakes, and waterfalls.
The historic settlements and growth of cities and towns in Langlade County continue to be an important part of the county’s identity, providing a tangible connection to its past and a sense of pride and community for its residents.
Langlade County’s cities and towns have grown significantly over the years, with many experiencing population increases during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to data from the United States Census Bureau (18902000), the county’s largest city, Antigo, grew from a population of approximately 3,700 in 1890 to over 8,600 by 2000.
The historic settlements and growth patterns of cities and towns in Langlade County, Wisconsin, have been shaped by various factors, including geographical location, economic opportunities, and demographic changes.
Located in north-central Wisconsin, Langlade County was home to the Menominee and Ojibwe Native American tribes for centuries before European settlers arrived. The county’s name is derived from Antoine Langlade, a French-Canadian trapper and fur trader who played a significant role in the region’s early history.
The first European settlement in the area dates back to 1855, when a group of Irish-American farmers established a community near present-day Antigo. The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century facilitated growth and development in the county, attracting immigrants from Europe and the eastern United States.
According to data from the United States Census Bureau, Langlade County’s population grew significantly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The county’s largest city, Antigo, experienced a particularly rapid growth spurt, with its population increasing from approximately 3,700 in 1890 to over 8,600 by 2000.
This growth was driven by various factors, including the expansion of agriculture, mining, and manufacturing industries. The county’s forests provided an abundance of timber for sawmills, while iron ore deposits facilitated the development of the steel industry. Additionally, the discovery of valuable mineral resources, such as copper and silver, attracted investors and miners to the area.
Other cities and towns in Langlade County also experienced significant growth during this period. Antigo’s neighboring city, Langlade, saw its population grow from 700 in 1890 to over 2,500 by 200 Eagle River, another major town in the county, experienced a population increase from approximately 1,300 in 1890 to over 5,000 by 2000.
The growth of cities and towns in Langlade County was often accompanied by the development of infrastructure, including roads, schools, and community facilities. Many of these communities were founded by immigrants who sought better economic opportunities and a more stable lifestyle than what they had experienced in their countries of origin.
Today, Langlade County continues to grow and evolve, with many of its cities and towns undergoing revitalization efforts to promote downtown development and economic growth. The county’s rich history and natural resources make it an attractive destination for tourists and outdoor enthusiasts, while its diverse economy provides opportunities for residents and businesses alike.
Economy and Industry
Forestry and Logging
The economy of Langlade County, Wisconsin is primarily driven by a mix of manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, education, and natural resources-based industries.
Manufacturing plays a significant role in the county’s economy, with companies involved in food processing, paper products, and machinery production among others.
Agriculture is also an important sector in Langlade County, with farmers cultivating crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay, as well as raising livestock like cattle and pigs.
The healthcare industry is another major contributor to the county’s economy, with a range of medical facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes providing services to residents.
Education is also a key sector in Langlade County, with several institutions of higher learning, including Northcentral Technical College (NTC) and University of Wisconsin-Marathon County, offering degree programs and training courses.
The forestry and logging industry in Langlade County is significant due to the county’s abundant natural resources. The forested areas provide an ideal habitat for various tree species, including aspen, birch, maple, and pine.
Logging companies operate in the county, harvesting timber for wood products, such as lumber, pulp, and paper products. Additionally, there is a strong demand for timber from the local sawmill industry, which processes logs into various wood products.
Federal and state forestry services also manage the forests in Langlade County, overseeing activities like reforestation, thinning, and wildlife management to ensure sustainable forest practices and preserve biodiversity.
Historically, Langlade County’s economy has been heavily reliant on the forestry industry. According to the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (2022), the county is home to a significant amount of forested land, with approximately 55% of its area covered in timber.
The economy of Langlade County has historically been closely tied to the forestry industry due to its significant forest cover.
The county’s geographical location and abundant natural resources have made it an attractive destination for industries related to timber production, processing, and logging.
Historically, the forestry industry was a major driver of economic growth in Langlade County, providing employment opportunities and generating revenue through the harvesting and sale of timber products such as pulpwood, sawlogs, and other wood products.
According to data from the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (2022), approximately 55% of Langlade County’s area is covered in timber, making it one of the most forested counties in Wisconsin.
This abundance of forestland has not only supported the forestry industry but also made Langlade County a popular destination for outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, hunting, and fishing, which contribute to the county’s economy through tourism.
However, in recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on diversifying the county’s economy to reduce its reliance on a single industry and promote economic growth and stability.
The county government and local businesses have invested in initiatives aimed at developing other industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and technology, which are expected to create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth in Langlade County.
Agriculture and Manufacturing
The economy of Langlade County, Wisconsin, like many rural counties across the United States, has historically been driven by agriculture, manufacturing, and natural resources.
Agriculture remains a significant sector in the county’s economy, with major crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. The area is also known for its dairy farming industry, with numerous farms producing high-quality milk that supports local cheese-making operations.
Manufacturing has traditionally been another key component of Langlade County’s industrial base, although it has experienced fluctuations in recent years due to changing global economic conditions and shifts in consumer demand. Major manufacturers based in the county have included paper mills, sawmills, and other wood products facilities, as well as food processing operations.
However, like many rural counties in Wisconsin and across the United States, Langlade County’s economy has been impacted by significant changes in the global and national economic landscape over recent decades. Many traditional manufacturing jobs have been outsourced to foreign countries or automated out of existence due to advancements in technology, resulting in a decline in employment opportunities for local residents.
In response to these challenges, local officials and stakeholders have sought to diversify the county’s economy by attracting new businesses, developing existing industries, and investing in workforce development initiatives. Examples include efforts to promote sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming and regenerative agriculture methods, and initiatives aimed at growing the outdoor recreation industry and supporting entrepreneurship in the region.
The city of Antigo, located within Langlade County, has been working to revitalize its downtown area through a combination of public-private partnerships and economic development incentives. The effort aims to attract new businesses, create jobs, and enhance the quality of life for residents while preserving the community’s historic character and charm.
Similar initiatives are underway in other Langlade County cities and towns, such as Eagle River and Tomahawk, which have also been seeking ways to revitalize their commercial districts, promote local economic growth, and leverage the county’s natural resources to support tourism development.
The county’s agriculture sector plays an important role, with major crops including corn, soybeans, and hay. Additionally, several manufacturing facilities are located throughout the county, producing goods such as paper products, machinery, and metal fabrication equipment (Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, 2022).
The economy of Langlade County, Wisconsin is driven by a diverse range of industries, each contributing to the county’s overall economic growth and development.
One of the primary sectors driving the county’s economy is agriculture. The county’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an ideal location for growing major crops such as corn, soybeans, and hay. These crops are not only essential for local consumption but also provide a significant source of income for farmers in the area.
The manufacturing sector is another key driver of Langlade County’s economy. Several large-scale manufacturing facilities are located throughout the county, producing a wide range of goods including paper products, machinery, and metal fabrication equipment.
Some notable manufacturers in the county include:
- Paper products
- Machinery
- Metal fabrication equipment
- Others
The Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation (WEDC) is a state agency that supports economic development in Langlade County. The WEDC provides various resources and incentives to businesses looking to locate or expand in the area, such as tax credits, loans, and grants.
According to the WEDC, some of the benefits of doing business in Langlade County include:
- A strong and growing workforce
- Access to transportation infrastructure
- Favorable business climate
- Availability of state-of-the-art facilities
In summary, Langlade County’s economy is driven by a diverse range of industries, including agriculture and manufacturing. The county offers a favorable business climate, access to transportation infrastructure, and a strong and growing workforce, making it an attractive location for businesses looking to locate or expand in the area.
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